AUTHORITIES + STUDY NOTES

Chapter Three references.

This page identifies the principal authorities and doctrinal landmarks discussed in the supplied lesson and quiz. It is a study index, not a substitute for assigned casebooks, statutes, or jurisdiction-specific law.

Restatement provisions referenced

Restatement (Second) of Torts

Sections 283A–283C, 286, 288A, and 328D are associated with children, disabilities, statutory standards, excuses, and res ipsa loquitur.

Restatement (Third) of Torts

Sections 3, 10–12, 17, 39, 40, 42, and 51 address reasonable care, actor characteristics, res ipsa, continuing risks, special relationships, undertakings, and land duties.

Cases and analytical landmarks

Vaughan v. Menlove

Objective reasonable-person standard rather than the defendant’s personal best judgment.

The T.J. Hooper

Industry custom is relevant but not conclusive; an entire industry may lag behind reasonable prudence.

United States v. Carroll Towing Co.

Risk-utility analysis expressed through the Hand formula: breach is supported when B is less than P multiplied by L.

Canterbury v. Spence

Patient-oriented materiality and objective causation in informed-consent analysis.

Lyons v. Midnight Sun Transportation Services

Emergency conditions are circumstances within reasonable-care analysis, not automatic immunity.

Rowland v. Christian

Influential modern movement away from rigid entrant categories toward general reasonable care.

Dover Elevator Co. v. Swann

Limits on res ipsa where specific evidence supplies a complete explanation of the accident.

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