Measure the buyer's loss
UCC 2-712 generally measures reasonable good-faith cover without unreasonable delay as substitute price minus contract price, plus recoverable incidental and consequential losses, less saved expenses. Here $58,000 - $48,000 = $10,000. Add $1,800 proved extra freight and $12,000 recoverable retained deposit: $23,800, with no overlap.
Apply the limits
Causation, foreseeability, reasonable certainty, avoidability, and valid contractual limitations restrict recovery. Lost profit is not gross revenue. UCC 2-715 has particular requirements for consequential losses. This fictional record does not prove second-festival profit; avoiding the initial cancellation does not guarantee future success.
Choose the interest and remedy
Expectation, reliance, and restitution are different measures and cannot be stacked for the same injury. Specific performance is equitable and fact dependent; UCC 2-716 allows unique goods or other proper circumstances. Personal services ordinarily are not specifically compelled. Reasonable liquidated damages differ from penalties; ordinary breach does not automatically yield punitive damages or attorney fees.
Finish the analysis in order
Identify each agreement and governing law; analyze formation, consideration or alternative basis, formalities and defenses; establish terms and modifications; assess performance, breach, cure and excuse; identify who holds each right; then calculate a supported remedy. A judgment, settlement, payment, and future performance are distinct events.
CHANGE ONE FACT
Change one fact: reasonable cover costs $54,000; the $12,000 deposit has already been refunded; proved extra freight remains $1,800. With no other recoverable loss, what remains to claim?
A. $19,800, by adding the refunded deposit again.
B. $7,800: $54,000 - $48,000 + $1,800.
C. $54,000, the entire new purchase price.
Answer: B. The cover difference is $6,000. Add $1,800 for a remaining claim of $7,800. A deposit already refunded is not recovered again, and the entire substitute purchase price is not the cover differential.
UCC 2-711 / UCC 2-712 / UCC 2-715 / UCC 2-716 / UCC 2-718 / UCC 2-719 / CACI (state-specific comparison)